| CAREX KEY
FOR SPECIES FOUND IN SASKATCHEWAN |
| * The reader is
also referred to Carex in Saskatchewan by J. Hudson (1977) and
Flora of Alberta edited by J. Packer (1983). |
| |
|
| 1 Leaves mostly basal; spike one per
culm, terminal; flowers attached to main stem |
2 |
| 1 Cauline leaves usually present;
spikes usually two or more per culm, terminal and/or lateral; flowers may
not all be attached to main stem |
11 |
| |
|
2 Stigmas 2; achenes lenticular
|
3 |
| 2 Stigmas 3; achenes trigonous |
5 |
| |
|
| 3 Rhizome long, slender; culms solitary
or few; spikes unisexual, plant dioecious |
C. gynocrates |
| 3 Rhizomes slender or obliquely ascending,
if slender, stolons present; culms caespitose; spikes bisexual, androgynous
or gynaecandrous |
4 |
| |
|
| 4 Plant caespitose with rootstocks
obliquely ascending; spikes bisexual, androgynous |
C. capitata ssp. capitata |
| 4 Plant caespitose with slender rhizomes
and stolons; spikes bisexual, gynaecandrous |
C. mackenziei |
| |
|
| 5 Plant dioecious; perigynia somewhat
pubescent; not caespitose |
C. scirpoidea |
| 5 Plant monoecious, androgynous; perigynia
may or may not be pubescent, if pubescent, plant caespitose |
5 |
| |
|
| 6 Pistillate scales deciduous, scale-like;
perigynia short-stipitate, spreading or reflexed |
C. pauciflora |
| 6 Pistillate scales persistent, scale-like
or leaf-like; perigynia sessile, not spreading or reflexed |
7 |
| |
|
| 7 Pistillate scales green, foliaceous |
8 |
| 7 Pistillate scales stramineus, brownish
or green, scale-like |
9 |
| |
|
| 8 Perigynium 4 – 6 mm long;
beak 2 – 3 mm long |
C. backii |
| 8 Perigynium ~ 4 mm long; beak ~ 1
mm long |
C. saximontana |
| |
|
| 9 Perigynia beakless, many nerved,
apex rounded |
C. leptalea |
| 9 Perigynia beaked, few nerved, apex
not rounded |
10 |
| |
|
| 10 Perigynia coriaceous, shining;
rhizome long; prairie species |
C. obtusata |
| 10 Perigynia puberulent, dull; rhizome
short or absent, plant caespitose; dry grasslands |
C. filifolia |
| |
|
| 11 Stigmas 2; achenes lenticular |
12 |
| 11 Stigmas 3; achenes trigonous |
65 |
| |
|
| 12 At least some of the lateral spikes
stalked |
13 |
| 12 Lateral spikes all sessile |
21 |
| |
|
| 13 Perigynia 3 – 5.5 mm long,
lustrous, inflated, prominently ribbed; beak tubular; style continuous with
achene |
C. saxatilis |
| [* C. physocarpioides (C.
saxatilis x C. utricularia. Infrequent, sterile. With intermediate
characteristics.] |
|
| 13 Perigynia 2 – 3 (4) mm long,
not inflated or lustrous, may be ribbed; beakless; style jointed or continuous
with achene or deciduous |
14 |
| |
|
| 14 Bract at base of inflorescence
distinctly sheathing; staminate spike 1; perigynia subterete, rounded at
tip |
15 |
| 14 Bract at base of inflorescence
nearly sheathless; staminate spikes 1 or more; perigynia biconvex, sometimes
flattened, acute at tip |
17 |
| |
|
| 15 Lowest bracts as long as or shorter
than inflorescence, short-sheathing, may have auricles; scales purplish-black |
C. bicolor |
| 15 Lowest bract leaf-like, as long
as or longer than inflorescence, long-sheathing, auricles lacking; scales
various colours |
16 |
| |
|
| 16 Perigynia whitish, dry, ribbed,
crowded in spike; scales reddish-brown to purplish |
C. garberi |
| 16 Perigynia golden-yellow to brown,
fleshy, ribbed, not crowded in spike; scales whitish to orangish-brown |
C. aurea |
| |
|
| 17 Plant caespitose; rhizomes lacking;
leaves 1 – 3 mm wide; perigynia distinctly nerved |
C. lenticularis var. lenticularis |
| 17 Plant not caespitose; rhizomes
present; leaves 2 – 8 mm wide; perigynia nerved or nerveless |
18 |
| |
|
| 18 Perigynia 0 – 50 nerved on
each face, somewhat inflated, short papillose |
C. paleacea |
| 18 Perigynia nerveless, puncticulate
or punctate |
19 |
| |
|
| 19 Pistillate scales acute; achenes
indented on one side near middle |
C. subspathacea |
| 19 Pistillate scales obtuse to acute
to awned; achenes not indented |
20 |
| |
|
| 20 Lowest bract leaf-like, equal to
or longer than inflorescence |
C. aquatilis |
| 20 Lowest bract setaceous, shorter
than inflorescence |
C. bigelowii |
| |
|
| 21 Culms single or loosely tufted
(few together) from rhizomes or decumbent stems |
22 |
| 21 Culms densely tufted; rhizomes
short |
29 |
| |
|
| 22 Culms decumbent, branching, long
prostrate stems with erect flowering branches in axils of dried up leaves;
sphagnum bogs |
C. chordorriza |
| 22 Culms erect or ascending; habitats
various |
23 |
| |
|
| 23 Plants usually dioecious, spikes
either completely staminate or pistillate |
24 |
| 23 Plants monoecious, spikes gynaecandrous
or androgynous |
26 |
| |
|
| 24 Culms obtusely triangular; slender
brownish, scaly rhizomes; plants of dry habitats |
C. douglasii |
| 24 Culms sharply triangular; rhizomes
stout or slender; plants of wet habitats |
25 |
| |
|
| 25 Perigynia brown, biconvex; rhizomes
slender, brown; calcareous bogs; rare |
C. simulata |
| 25 Perigynia becoming blackish, planoconvex;
rhizomes thick, black; moist prairies and sloughs; common |
C. praegracilis |
| |
|
| 26 Spikes in more or less spherical
heads, appearing like one spike; high northern latitudes |
C. maritima |
| 26 Spikes densely aggregated but not
in spherical heads, distinct; distribution various |
27 |
| |
|
| 27 Perigynia wing-margined, beak markedly
bidentate; terminal spike gynaecandrous, middle staminate, lower pistillate |
C. siccata |
| 27 Perigynia not wing-margined, beak
not markedly bidentate; spikes androgynous |
28 |
| |
|
| 28 Upper leaf sheaths green; two darks
warts present at junction of leaf blade and sheath |
C. sartwellii |
| 28 Upper leaf sheaths green; two darks
warts present at junction of leaf blade and sheath |
C. duriuscula |
| |
|
| 29 Spikes androgynous |
30 |
| 29 At least upper spikes gynaecandrous,
lateral spikes may be pistillate |
39 |
| |
|
| 30 Spikes few-flowered, with 2 –
3 perigynia and 1 – 2 staminate flowers |
C. disperma |
| 30 Spikes with numerous flowers |
31 |
| |
|
| 31 Spikes 4 – 10, no more than
one spike per rachis node; sheaths not red-dotted |
32 |
| 31 Spikes numerous, rachis nodes may
have 2 or more spikes; sheath often red-dotted ventrally or copper-tinged |
35 |
| |
|
| 32 Leaves < 2 mm wide; spikes widely
spaced, in linear arrangement; pistillate scales short-awned |
C. hookerana |
| 32 Leaves > 2 mm wide; spikes bunched
into orbicular or ovoid arrangement; pistillate scales not awned (may be
short-awned in C. gravida) |
33 |
| |
|
| 33 Arrangement of spikes spherical
or orbicular; Cypress Hills |
C. hoodii |
| 33 Arrangement of spikes ovoid, at
least 2 x as long as broad; southern Saskatchewan |
34 |
| |
|
| 34 Culms markedly triangular, not
wing-margined |
C. gravida var. gravida |
| 34 Culms becoming flattened in drying,
wing-margined |
C. alopecoidea |
| |
|
| 35 Sheaths loose; culms soft and spongy;
perigynia spongy and corky |
36 |
| 35 Sheaths tight; culms slender and
firm; perigynia firm |
37 |
| |
|
| 36 Perigynia ovate, at most only slightly
surpassing scales; leaves 2 – 6 mm wide |
C. alopecoidea |
| 36 Perigynia triangular, surpassing
the scales; leaves 4 – 10 mm wide |
C. stipata var. stipata |
| |
|
| 37 Pistillate scales awned; perigynia
yellowish or stramineus, blackish in age; leaf sheaths cross-wrinkled |
C. vulpinoidea var. vulpinoidea |
| 37 Pistillate scales acuminate; perigynia
brownish or black; leaf sheaths not cross wrinkled |
38 |
| |
|
| 38 Leaf sheath copper-tinged at summit;
perigynia brownish, planoconvex |
C. prairea |
| 38 Leaf sheath red-dotted; perigynia
blackish, biconvex |
C. diandra |
| |
|
| 39 Perigynia narrowly or broadly winged,
not thickened at base; beak present, usually bidentate; achene narrower
than perigynium |
40 |
| 39 Perigynia at most thin-edged, thickened
at base; beak, if present, bidentate or not; achene more than half as wide
as perigynium |
45 |
| |
|
| 40 Bracts leaf-like OR clearly surpassing
the spikes; spikes aggregated into a terminal head-like cluster |
41 |
| 40 Bracts not leaf-like, shorter than
spikes; spikes aggregated into lateral and terminal clusters |
42 |
| |
|
| 41 Bracts leaf-like; pistillate scales
greenish-white; culms smooth |
C. syncocephala |
| 41 Bracts clearly surpassing the spikes
but not leaf-like; pistillate scales reddish-brown and copper-margined;
culms roughened below the head |
C. athrostachya |
| |
|
| 42 Perigynia subulate, < 1 mm wide |
C. crawfordii |
| 42 Perigynia lanceolate, elliptic,
ovate, or orbicular, > 1 mm wide |
43 |
| |
|
| 43 Perigynia concealed by pistillate
scales or nearly so |
44 |
| 43 Perigynia not concealed by narrower
or shorter pistillate scales |
49 |
| |
|
| 44 Perigynia beak flattened and markedly
serrulate to tip, bidentate |
45 |
| 44 Perigynia beak nearly terete, if
serrulate, only slightly so, not markedly bidentate |
48 |
| |
|
| 45 Inflorescence moniliform |
46 |
| 45 Inflorescence not moniliform, spikes
aggregated or approximate |
47 |
| |
|
| 46 Pistillate scales larger than or
equal to perigynia; leaf sheaths tight |
C. foena var. foena |
| 46 Pistillate scales smaller than
perigynia; leaf sheaths weak |
C. projecta |
| |
|
| 47 Scales pale or silvery, appressed;
spikes approximate |
C. xerantica |
| 47 Scales brown, ascending; spikes
aggregated |
C. adusta |
| |
|
| 48 Perigynium 6 – 8 mm long,
elliptic |
C. petasata |
| 48 Perigynium 4 – 6 mm long,
ovate |
C. pratincola |
| |
|
| 49 Perigynium narrowly lanceolate |
C. scoparia |
| 49 Perigynium ovate, elliptic, or
orbicular |
50 |
| |
|
| 50 Beak of perigynium terete and only
slightly serrulate |
51 |
| 50 Beak of perigynium flattened and
serrulate to tip |
52 |
| |
|
| 51 Perigynia reddish to dark coppery-brown |
C. pachystachya |
| 51 Perigynia stramineus or light green
to brown |
C. microptera |
| |
|
| 52 Perigynium 4 – 6 mm long,
suborbicular, coriaceous |
C. brevior |
| 52 Perigynium 3 – 4 mm long,
ovate membranaceous |
53 |
| |
|
| 53 Spikes distant, inflorescence moniliform;
perigynia stramineus at maturity; leaves 1 – 3 mm wide |
C. tenera |
| 53 Spikes closely aggregated; perigynia
brown at maturity; leaves 2 – 6 mm wide |
54 |
| |
|
| 54 Perigynia wing-margined to base;
leaves < 4 mm wide |
C. bebbii |
| 54 Perigynia wing-margined, but reduced
at base; leaves > 4 mm wide |
C. cristatella |
| |
|
| 55 Perigynia thin-edged, not puncticulate,
spreading or reflexed |
56 |
| 55 Perigynia with rounded margins,
puncticulate or not, ascending |
58 |
| |
|
| 56 Perigynium beak < 1/3 overall
perigynium length; pistillate scales shorter than perigynium body |
C. interior |
| 56 Perigynium beak > 1/3 overall
perigynium length; pistillate scales longer than perigynium body |
57 |
| |
|
| 57 Perigynia obscurely nerved or nerveless
ventrally |
C. echinata |
| 57 Perigynia lightly to strongly nerved
on both faces |
C. sterilis |
| |
|
| 58 Perigynia > 4 mm long, not puncticulate;
beak long, bidentate; achene occupying 1/2 to 1/3 or perigynium |
C. deweyana |
| 58 Perigynia < 4 mm long, white
puncticulate; beak short or absent; achene filling body or perigynium |
59 |
| |
|
| 59 Lowest bract exceeding inflorescence
by several times; spikes 1 – 5-flowered; perigynia 3 – 4 mm
long |
C. trisperma |
| 59 Bracts absent or lowest bract shorter
than inflorescence; spikes several flowered; perigynia < 3 mm long |
60 |
| |
|
| 60 Perigynia beakless; scales silvery
to white hyaline; slender stolons present |
61 |
| 60 Perigynia short-beaked; scales
greenish or brownish to stramineus or rusty; stolons absent |
62 |
| |
|
| 61 Spikes 2 – 4, aggregated;
perigynia faintly nerved |
C. tenuiflora |
| 61 Spikes 3 – 5, remote; perigynia
strongly nerved or ribbed |
C. loliacea |
| |
|
| 62 Perigynia ovate, beak serrulate;
spikes 6 – many |
C. arcta |
| 62 Perigynia broadest near middle,
beak smooth to moderately serrulate; spikes 2 – 9 |
63 |
| |
|
| 63 Spikes 3 – 4, spherical,
more or less overlapping; scales reddish |
C. heleonastes |
| 63 Spikes 4 or more, conical or ellipsoidal,
inflorescence interrupted, only upper spikes overlapping if at all; scales
greenish to stramineus |
64 |
| |
|
| 64 Plants green; spikes 5 –
15 flowered; woodland species |
C. brunnescens |
| 64 Plants glaucous; spikes 15 –
30 flowered; bog species |
C. canescens ssp. canescens |
| |
|
| 65 Perigynia beak markedly toothed,
teeth conspicuous, usually bidentate |
66 |
| 65 Perigynia beakless or beaked, beak
if present, without conspicuous teeth |
86 |
| |
|
| 66 Perigynia pubescent or puberulent;
style jointed with achene |
67 |
| 66 Perigynia glabrous; style jointed
or continuous with achene |
76 |
| |
|
| 67 Achenes with convex sides; lower
bracts shorter than or equal to inflorescence |
68 |
| 67 Achenes with flat sides; lower
bracts longer than inflorescence |
74 |
| |
|
| 68 Pubescence on perigynia reduced
to one line of hairs on each side of the two ribs |
C. tonsa var. tonsa |
| 68 Perigynia distinctly pubescent |
69 |
| |
|
| 69 Pistillate spikes all cauline;
culms all elongate |
70 |
| 69 Some pistillate spikes short-stalked
at the base of the plant; culms of various lengths |
72 |
| |
|
| 70 Staminate spike 10 – 20 mm
long; perigynium body spherical; scales about as long as perigynium; dry
prairies |
C. inops ssp. heliophila |
| 70 Staminate spike 2 – 10 mm
long; perigynium body ellipsoid to fusiform to obovoid; scales shorter than
perigynium, usually about up to base of beak; woodlands |
71 |
| |
|
| 71 Perigynia > 3 mm long; scales
with white sides; staminate spike 5 – 10 mm long; culms 15 –
30 cm tall |
C. peckii |
| 71 Perigynia < 3 mm long; scales
with purple sides; staminate spike 2 – 5 mm long; culms 5 –
15 cm tall |
C. deflexa |
| |
|
| 72 Bracts of cauline pistillate spikes
poorly developed; remnants of old leaves stiff and shredded |
C. umbellata |
| 72 Bracts of cauline pistillate spikes
well developed; remnants of old leaves soft and only slightly shredded if
at all |
73 |
| |
|
| 73 Rhizomes slender; leaves soft and
thin; staminate spike 2 – 5 mm long, nearly sessile |
C. deflexa |
| 73 Rhizomes stout; leaves thin but
firm; staminate spike 3 – 15 mm long, stalked |
C. rossii |
| |
|
| 74 Culms 1 – 3; perigynia finely
pubescent, 5 – 7 mm long, conspicuously nerved; dry habitats |
C. houghtoniana |
| 74 Culms many, bunched; perigynia
densely pubescent, 3 – 5 mm long, nerves obscured by pubescence; damp
or aquatic habitats |
75 |
| |
|
| 75 Leaves filiform-convolute, <
2 mm wide; old leaf sheaths persistent at base of stem |
C. lasiocarpa var. americana |
| 75 Leaves flat, 2 – 5 mm wide;
old leaf sheaths absent |
C. pellita |
| |
|
| 76 Style entirely deciduous from achene,
no part persistent; leaves not septate nodulose |
C. sprengellii |
| 76 Style not withering to base, lower
part of style persisting as a “prong”; leaves usually septate
nodulose |
77 |
| |
|
| 77 Perigynia subulate; pistillate
spikes spherical; northern latitudes |
C. michauxiana |
| 77 Perigynia lanceolate to ovate;
pistillate spikes longer than broad; distribution varies |
78 |
| |
|
| 78 Perigynia leathery, not lustrous;
scarcely inflated |
79 |
| 78 Perigynia membranous, thin, lustrous
or not; usually inflated |
82 |
| |
|
| 79 Pistillate scales with a short
narrow body and a long scabrous awn; wet woodland species |
C. pseudocyperus |
| 79 Pistillate scales acute to acuminate,
the body visible; large water sedges |
80 |
| |
|
| 80 Leaves pilose beneath, sheaths
pilose; teeth or perigynium beak prominent, 1.5 – 3 mm long, divergent |
C. atherodes |
| 80 Leaves and sheaths glabrous; teeth
of perigynium beak short, < 1.5 mm long, nearly straight |
81 |
| |
|
| 81 Perigynia teeth 1 – 1.5 mm
long; large sedge, culm 60 – 150 cm tall |
C. lacustris |
| 81 Perigynia teeth < 1 mm long;
average-sized sedge, culm 30 – 80 cm tall |
C. laeviconica |
| |
|
| 82 Perigynia 12 – 25 nerved,
not lustrous |
C. hystericina |
| 82 Perigynia 7 – 9 nerved, lustrous |
83 |
| |
|
| 83 Lower perigynia reflexed; lower
bracts exceeding inflorescence by at least 2 x; spikes approximate |
C. retrorsa |
| 83 Lower perigynia ascending to spreading;
lower bracts exceeding inflorescence, but by < 2 x; spikes often distant |
84 |
| |
|
| 84 Rhizomes absent; perigynia ascending
at maturity, 6 – 8-ranked |
C. vesicaria var. raeana |
| 84 Rhizomes present; perigynia spreading
at maturity, 8 – 12 or more ranked |
85 |
| |
|
| 85 Culms 40 – 70 cm tall; leaves
2 – 6 mm wide; pistillate spikes densely 50 – 125 flowered |
C. rostrata |
| 85 Culms 50 – 80 cm tall; leaves
4 – 8 mm wide; pistillate spikes densely 100 – 200 flowered |
C. utricularia |
| |
|
| 86 Perigynia pubescent or puberulent |
87 |
| 86 Perigynia glabrous |
95 |
| |
|
| 87 Pistillate spikes loosely flowered;
perigynia narrowly lanceolate |
C. assiniboinensis |
| 87 Pistillate spikes densely flowered;
perigynia ovate or elliptic |
88 |
| |
|
| 88 Perigynia terete; pistillate bracts
sheathless |
89 |
| 88 Perigynia obtusely triangular;
pistillate bracts long-sheathing |
93 |
| |
|
| 89 Pistillate spikes all cauline;
culms all elongate |
90 |
| 89 Some pistillate spikes short-stalked
at the base of the plant; culms of various lengths |
91 |
| |
|
| 90 Perigynia > 3 mm long; scales
with white sides; staminate spike 5 – 10 mm long; culms 15 –
30 cm tall |
C. peckii |
| 90 Perigynia < 3 mm long; scales
with purple sides; staminate spike 2 – 5 mm long; culms 5 –
15 cm tall |
C. deflexa |
| |
|
| 91 Bracts of cauline pistillate spikes
poorly developed; remnants of old leaves stiff and shredded |
C. umbellata |
| 91 Bracts of cauline pistillate spikes
well developed; remnants of old leaves soft and only slightly shredded if
at all |
92 |
| |
|
| 92 Rhizomes slender; leaves soft and
thin; staminate spike 2 – 5 mm long, nearly sessile |
C. deflexa |
| 92 Rhizomes stout; leaves thin but
firm; staminate spike 3 – 15 mm long, stalked |
C. rossii |
| |
|
| 93 Terminal spike androgynous, lower
spikes on long capillary peduncles; pistillate scales awned |
C. pedunculata |
| 93 Terminal spike staminate, lower
(pistillate) spikes sessile or short-stalked; pistillate scales blunt-tipped |
94 |
| |
|
| 94 Staminate spike < 6 mm long,
sessile; perigynia 2-ribbed with several nerves; stigma short |
C. cocinna |
| 94 Staminate spike to 2 cm long, short-stalked;
perigynia 2-ribbed but otherwise nerveless; stigma long |
C. richardsonii |
| |
|
| 95 Leaves and sheaths pubescent; perigynia
glabrous but appearing felty and conspicuously 15 – 25-nerved |
C. torreyi |
| 95 Leaves and sheaths glabrous; perigynia
otherwise |
96 |
| |
|
| 96 Leaf sheath > 3 mm long |
97 |
| 96 Leaf sheath < 3 mm long or sheathless |
105 |
| |
|
| 97 Leaves filiform; bracts bladeless
but sheathing |
C. eburnea |
| 97 Leaves > 0.5 mm wide; bracts
with well developed blades |
98 |
| |
|
| 98 Pistillate spikes elongate, <
4 mm wide, on capillary peduncles; plants tufted |
C. capillaries |
| 98 Pistillate spikes short, > 4
mm wide, on short peduncles; plants tufted or rhizomatous |
99 |
| |
|
| 99 Plants tufted; perigynia conspicuously
nerved |
100 |
| 99 Plants rhizomatous; perigynia obscurely
nerved, if at all |
102 |
| |
|
| 100 Spikes nearly sessile, closely
bunched; perigynia 6 – 14-nerved |
C. viridula ssp. viridula |
| 100 Spikes peduncled, the lower distant;
perigynia 15 – 30-nerved |
101 |
| |
|
| 101 Perigynia sharply triangular,
narrowed at base to stipe; beak at right angles to perigynia |
C. leptonervia |
| 101 Perigynia nearly terete, rounded
at base, stipe absent; beak straight, very small |
C. granularis var. haleana |
| |
|
| 102 Perigynium body widest below middle,
rounded at base |
C. crawei |
| 102 Perigynium body widest at or above
middle and tapering to acute base |
103 |
| |
|
| 103 Perigynia beaked, beak toothless;
foliage deep green |
C. vaginata |
| 103 Perigynia beakless; foliage glaucous
or gray-green |
104 |
| |
|
| 104 Leaves glaucous, < 3.5 mm wide,
soon folded or involute; northern bog species |
C. livida |
| 104 Leaves gray-green, 2 – 5
mm wide, flat; prairies |
C. tetanica |
| |
|
| 105 Perigynia inflated and shiny;
pistillate spikes sessile, globular |
106 |
| 105 Perigynia not both inflated and
shiny; pistillate spikes nearly sessile to stalked, elongate |
107 |
| |
|
| 106 Perigynia ~ 7 mm long; style not
withering at maturity; plant 50 – 80 cm tall |
C. oligosperma |
| 106 Perigynia 2 – 4 mm long;
style withering at maturity; plant 5 – 20 cm tall |
C. supina var. spaniocarpa |
| |
|
| 107 Perigynia conspicuously many nerved |
108 |
| 107 Perigynia obscurely nerved, may
have 2 conspicuous marginal nerves |
113 |
| |
|
| 108 Perigynia spreading to reflexed |
C. cryptolepis |
| 108 Perigynia ascending to appressed |
109 |
| |
|
| 109 Culms lateral, previous year’s
leaves on separate shoots |
C. buxbaumii |
| 109 Culms central, surrounded by persistent
leaves of preceding year’s growth |
110 |
| |
|
| 110 Stem leaves absent or only a few
towards base of stem; perigynia 1.5 – 2.5 mm long; pistillate scales
1.5 – 2.5 mm long |
111 |
| 110 Stems leaves on lower 1/4 of stem;
perigynia 3 – 4.5 mm long; pistillate scales > 2.5 mm long |
112 |
| |
|
| 111 Scales as long as perigynia, brownish;
stems obtusely triangular |
C. parryana var. parryana |
| 111 Scales much shorter than perigynia,
purplish; stem sharply triangular |
C. norvegica ssp. inferalpina |
| |
|
| 112 Perigynia almost circular, little
puncticulate; terminal spike staminate; Cypress Hills |
C. raynoldsii |
| 112 Perigynia flattened, markedly
puncticulate; terminal spike gynaecandrous; northern mixed wood forest |
C. raymondii |
| |
|
| 113 Perigynia subterete; achenes smooth
surfaced |
C. glacialis |
| 113 Perigynia flat-triangular to lenticular;
achenes papillate |
114 |
| |
|
| 114 Rootlets with yellow fuzz; terminal
spike staminate |
115 |
| 114 Rootlets without yellow fuzz;
terminal spike gynaecandrous |
116 |
| |
|
| 115 Pistillate scales long acuminate;
staminate spike 4 – 12 mm; leaves to 3 mm broad, flat |
C. magellanica ssp. irrigua |
| 115 Pistillate scale acute; staminate
spike 10 – 30 mm; leaves less than or equal to 3 mm broad, somewhat
involute |
C. limosa |
| |
|
| 116 Culms lateral, previous year’s
leaves on separate shoots |
C. buxbaumii |
| 116 Culms central, surrounded by persistent
leaves from preceding years |
C. norvegica ssp. inferalpina |
