| CAREX KEY
FOR SPECIES FOUND IN SASKATCHEWAN |
| * The reader is
also referred to Carex in Saskatchewan by J. Hudson (1977) and
Flora of Alberta edited by J. Packer (1983). |
| |
|
| 1 Leaves mostly basal; spike one per
stem, terminal; flowers attached to main stem |
2 |
| 1 Stem leaves usually present; spikes
usually two or more per stem, terminal and/or lateral; flowers may not all
be attached to main stem |
11 |
| |
|
2 Stigmas 2; achenes lens-shaped
|
3 |
| 2 Stigmas 3; achenes triangular |
5 |
| |
|
| 3 Rhizome long, slender; stems solitary
or few; spikes unisexual, plant with only male or only female inflorescences |
C. gynocrates |
| 3 Rhizomes slender or obliquely ascending,
if slender, runners present; stems tufted; spikes bisexual, male flowers
above or below female flowers in the same spike |
4 |
| |
|
| 4 Plant tufted with rootstocks obliquely
ascending; spikes bisexual, male flowers above female flowers in the same
spike |
C. capitata ssp. capitata |
| 4 Plant caespitose with slender rhizomes
and runners; spikes bisexual, female flowers above male flowers in the same
spike |
C. mackenziei |
| |
|
| 5 Plant with male and female flowers
on separate plants; perigynia somewhat hairy; not tufted |
C. scirpoidea |
| 5 Plant with male and female flowers
on the same plant, male flowers above female flowers in the same spike;
perigynia may or may not be hairy, if hairy, plant tufted |
5 |
| |
|
| 6 Female flower scales deciduous,
scale-like; perigynia short-stalked, spreading or reflexed |
C. pauciflora |
| 6 Female flower scales persistent,
scale-like or leaf-like; perigynia sessile, not spreading or reflexed |
7 |
| |
|
| 7 Female flower scales green, leaf-like |
8 |
| 7 Female flower scales straw-coloured,
brownish or green, scale-like |
9 |
| |
|
| 8 Perigynium 4 – 6 mm long;
beak 2 – 3 mm long |
C. backii |
| 8 Perigynium ~ 4 mm long; beak ~ 1
mm long |
C. saximontana |
| |
|
| 9 Perigynia beakless, many nerved,
tip rounded |
C. leptalea |
| 9 Perigynia beaked, few nerved, tip
not rounded |
10 |
| |
|
| 10 Perigynia leathery, shining; rhizome
long; prairie species |
C. obtusata |
| 10 Perigynia minutely hairy, dull;
rhizome short or absent, plant tufted; dry grasslands |
C. filifolia |
| |
|
| 11 Stigmas 2; achenes lens-shaped |
12 |
| 11 Stigmas 3; achenes triangular |
65 |
| |
|
| 12 At least some of the lateral spikes
stalked |
13 |
| 12 Lateral spikes all sessile |
21 |
| |
|
| 13 Perigynia 3 – 5.5 mm long,
shining, inflated, prominently ribbed; beak tubular; style continuous with
achene or deciduous |
C. saxatilis |
| [* C. physocarpioides (C.
saxatilis x C. utricularia. Infrequent, sterile. With intermediate
characteristics.] |
|
| 13 Perigynia 2 – 3 (4) mm long,
not inflated or shining, may be ribbed; beakless; style jointed or continuous
with achene |
14 |
| |
|
| 14 Bract at base of inflorescence
distinctly sheathing; male-flowered spike 1; perigynia nearly round in cross
section, rounded at tip |
15 |
| 14 Bract at base of inflorescence
nearly sheathless; male-flowered spikes 1 or more; perigynia convex on both
sides, sometimes flattened, acute at tip |
17 |
| |
|
| 15 Lowest bracts as long as or shorter
than inflorescence, short-sheathing, may have ear-like lobes; scales purplish-black |
C. bicolor |
| 15 Lowest bract leaf-like, as long
as or longer than inflorescence, long-sheathing, ear-like lobes lacking;
scales various colours |
16 |
| |
|
| 16 Perigynia whitish, dry, ribbed,
crowded in spike; scales reddish-brown to purplish |
C. garberi |
| 16 Perigynia golden-yellow to brown,
fleshy, ribbed, not crowded in spike; scales whitish to orangish-brown |
C. aurea |
| |
|
| 17 Plant tufted; rhizomes lacking;
leaves 1 – 3 mm wide; perigynia distinctly nerved |
C. lenticularis var. lenticularis |
| 17 Plant not tufted; rhizomes present;
leaves 2 – 8 mm wide; perigynia nerved or nerveless |
18 |
| |
|
| 18 Perigynia 0 – 50 nerved on
each face, somewhat inflated, with short bumps on surface |
C. paleacea |
| 18 Perigynia nerveless, dotted with
pits or glands |
19 |
| |
|
| 19 Female flower scales acute; achenes
indented on one side near middle |
C. subspathacea |
| 19 Female flower scales obtuse to
acute to awned; achenes not indented |
20 |
| |
|
| 20 Lowest bract leaf-like, equal to
or longer than inflorescence |
C. aquatilis |
| 20 Lowest bract bristle-like, shorter
than inflorescence |
C. bigelowii |
| |
|
| 21 Stems single or loosely tufted
(few together) from rhizomes or reclining stems |
22 |
| 21 Stems densely tufted; rhizomes
short |
29 |
| |
|
| 22 Stems reclining, branching, long
prostrate stems with erect flowering branches in axils of dried up leaves;
sphagnum bogs |
C. chordorriza |
| 22 Stems erect or ascending; habitats
various |
23 |
| |
|
| 23 Plants usually with male and female
flowers on separate plants, spikes either completely male-flowered or female-flowered |
24 |
| 23 Plants with male and female flowers
on the same plant, male flowers above or below female flowers in the same
spike |
26 |
| |
|
| 24 Stems obtusely triangular; slender
brownish, scaly rhizomes; plants of dry habitats |
C. douglasii |
| 24 Stems sharply triangular; rhizomes
stout or slender; plants of wet habitats |
25 |
| |
|
| 25 Perigynia brown, convex on both
sides; rhizomes slender, brown; calcareous bogs; rare |
C. simulata |
| 25 Perigynia becoming blackish, convex
on one side; rhizomes thick, black; moist prairies and sloughs; common |
C. praegracilis |
| |
|
| 26 Spikes in more or less spherical
heads, appearing like one spike; high northern latitudes |
C. maritima |
| 26 Spikes densely aggregated but not
in spherical heads, distinct; distribution various |
27 |
| |
|
| 27 Perigynia wing-margined, beak with
two conspicuous teeth; terminal spike with female flowers above male flowers,
middle male flowers only, lower female flowers only |
C. siccata |
| 27 Perigynia not wing-margined, beak
without two conspicuous teeth; spikes with male flowers above female flowers |
28 |
| |
|
| 28 Upper leaf sheaths green; two darks
warts present at junction of leaf blade and sheath |
C. sartwellii |
| 28 Upper leaf sheaths transparent
or brown; warts at junction of leaf blade and sheath absent |
C. duriuscula |
| |
|
| 29 Spikes with male flowers above
female flowers |
30 |
| 29 At least upper spikes with female
flowers above male flowers, lateral spikes may be female-flowered |
39 |
| |
|
| 30 Spikes few-flowered, with 2 –
3 perigynia and 1 – 2 male flowers |
C. disperma |
| 30 Spikes with numerous flowers |
31 |
| |
|
| 31 Spikes 4 – 10, no more than
one spike per axis node; sheaths not red-dotted |
32 |
| 31 Spikes numerous, axis nodes may
have 2 or more spikes; sheath often red-dotted ventrally or copper-tinged |
35 |
| |
|
| 32 Leaves < 2 mm wide; spikes widely
spaced, in linear arrangement; female flower scales short-awned |
C. hookerana |
| 32 Leaves > 2 mm wide; spikes bunched
into round or ovoid arrangement; female flower scales not awned (may be
short awned in C. gravida) |
33 |
| |
|
| 33 Arrangement of spikes spherical
or rounded; Cypress Hills |
C. hoodii |
| 33 Arrangement of spikes ovoid, at
least 2 x as long as broad; southern Saskatchewan |
34 |
| |
|
| 34 Stems markedly triangular, not
wing-margined |
C. gravida var. gravida |
| 34 Stems becoming flattened in drying,
wing-margined |
C. alopecoidea |
| |
|
| 35 Sheaths loose; stems soft and spongy;
perigynia spongy and corky |
36 |
| 35 Sheaths tight; stems slender and
firm; perigynia firm |
37 |
| |
|
| 36 Perigynia oval, at most only slightly
surpassing scales; leaves 2 – 6 mm wide |
C. alopecoidea |
| 36 Perigynia triangular, surpassing
the scales; leaves 4 – 10 mm wide |
C. stipata var. stipata |
| |
|
| 37 Female flower scales awned; perigynia
yellowish or straw-coloured, blackish in age; leaf sheaths cross-wrinkled |
C. vulpinoidea var. vulpinoidea |
| 37 Female flower scales tapered to
the tip; perigynia brownish or black; leaf sheaths not cross wrinkled |
38 |
| |
|
| 38 Leaf sheath copper-tinged at summit;
perigynia brownish, convex on one side |
C. prairea |
| 38 Leaf sheath red-dotted; perigynia
blackish, convex on both sides |
C. diandra |
| |
|
| 39 Perigynia narrowly or broadly winged,
not thickened at base; beak present, usually with two teeth; achene narrower
than perigynium |
40 |
| 39 Perigynia at most thin-edged, thickened
at base; beak, if present, with two teeth or not; achene more than half
as wide as perigynium |
45 |
| |
|
| 40 Bracts leaf-like OR clearly surpassing
the spikes; spikes aggregated into a terminal head-like cluster |
41 |
| 40 Bracts not leaf-like, shorter than
spikes; spikes aggregated into lateral and terminal clusters |
42 |
| |
|
| 41 Bracts leaf-like; female flower
scales greenish-white; stems smooth |
C. syncocephala |
| 41 Bracts clearly surpassing the spikes
but not leaf-like; female flower scales reddish-brown and copper-margined;
stems roughened below the head |
C. athrostachya |
| |
|
| 42 Perigynia narrowly triangular,
< 1 mm wide |
C. crawfordii |
| 42 Perigynia lance-shaped, elliptic,
oval, or round, > 1 mm wide |
43 |
| |
|
| 43 Perigynia concealed by female flower
scales or nearly so |
44 |
| 43 Perigynia not concealed by narrower
or shorter female flower scales |
49 |
| |
|
| 44 Perigynia beak flattened and markedly
saw-toothed to tip, two teeth present |
45 |
| 44 Perigynia beak nearly round, if
saw-toothed, only slightly so, two teeth not noticeably present |
48 |
| |
|
| 45 Inflorescence like a string of
beads |
46 |
| 45 Inflorescence not like a string
of beads, spikes aggregated or approximate |
47 |
| |
|
| 46 Female flower scales larger than
or equal to perigynia; leaf sheaths tight |
C. foena var. foena |
| 46 Female flower scales smaller than
perigynia; leaf sheaths weak |
C. projecta |
| |
|
| 47 Scales pale or silvery, appressed;
spikes approximate |
C. xerantica |
| 47 Scales brown, ascending; spikes
aggregated |
C. adusta |
| |
|
| 48 Perigynium 6 – 8 mm long,
widest near the middle |
C. petasata |
| 48 Perigynium 4 – 6 mm long,
widest at the base |
C. pratincola |
| |
|
| 49 Perigynium narrowly lance-shaped |
C. scoparia |
| 49 Perigynium oval, elliptic, or round |
50 |
| |
|
| 50 Beak of perigynium round in cross
section and only slightly saw-toothed |
51 |
| 50 Beak of perigynium flattened and
saw-toothed to tip |
52 |
| |
|
| 51 Perigynia reddish to dark coppery-brown |
C. pachystachya |
| 51 Perigynia straw-coloured or light
green to brown |
C. microptera |
| |
|
| 52 Perigynium 4 – 6 mm long,
nearly round, leathery |
C. brevior |
| 52 Perigynium 3 – 4 mm long,
oval, membranaceous |
53 |
| |
|
| 53 Spikes distant, inflorescence like
a string of beads; perigynia straw-coloured at maturity; leaves 1 –
3 mm wide |
C. tenera |
| 53 Spikes closely aggregated; perigynia
brown at maturity; leaves 2 – 6 mm wide |
54 |
| |
|
| 54 Perigynia wing-margined to base;
leaves < 4 mm wide |
C. bebbii |
| 54 Perigynia wing-margined, but reduced
at base; leaves > 4 mm wide |
C. cristatella |
| |
|
| 55 Perigynia thin-edged, not pitted
or gland-dotted, spreading or reflexed |
56 |
| 55 Perigynia with rounded margins,
pitted or gland dotted or not, ascending |
58 |
| |
|
| 56 Perigynium beak < 1/3 overall
perigynium length; female flower scales shorter than perigynium body |
C. interior |
| 56 Perigynium beak > 1/3 overall
perigynium length; female flower scales longer than perigynium body |
57 |
| |
|
| 57 Perigynia obscurely nerved or nerveless
ventrally |
C. echinata |
| 57 Perigynia lightly to strongly nerved
on both faces |
C. sterilis |
| |
|
| 58 Perigynia > 4 mm long, not pitted
or gland-dotted; beak long, with two teeth; achene occupying 1/2 to 1/3
or perigynium |
C. deweyana |
| 58 Perigynia < 4 mm long, white-dotted;
beak short or absent; achene filling body or perigynium |
59 |
| |
|
| 59 Lowest bract exceeding inflorescence
by several times; spikes 1 – 5-flowered; perigynia 3 – 4 mm
long |
C. trisperma |
| 59 Bracts absent or lowest bract shorter
than inflorescence; spikes several flowered; perigynia < 3 mm long |
60 |
| |
|
| 60 Perigynia beakless; scales silvery
to white transparent; slender runners present |
61 |
| 60 Perigynia short-beaked; scales
greenish or brownish to straw-coloured or rusty; runners absent |
62 |
| |
|
| 61 Spikes 2 – 4, aggregated;
perigynia faintly nerved |
C. tenuiflora |
| 61 Spikes 3 – 5, remote; perigynia
strongly nerved or ribbed |
C. loliacea |
| |
|
| 62 Perigynia oval, beak saw-toothed;
spikes 6 – many |
C. arcta |
| 62 Perigynia broadest near middle,
beak smooth to moderately saw-toothed; spikes 2 - 9 |
63 |
| |
|
| 63 Spikes 3 – 4, spherical,
more or less overlapping; scales reddish |
C. heleonastes |
| 63 Spikes 4 or more, cone-shaped or
ellipsoidal, inflorescence interrupted, only upper spikes overlapping if
at all; scales greenish to straw-coloured |
64 |
| |
|
| 64 Plants green; spikes 5 –
15-flowered; woodland species |
C. brunnescens |
| 64 Plants bluish-green; spikes 15
– 30-flowered; bog species |
C. canescens ssp. canescens |
| |
|
| 65 Perigynia beak markedly toothed,
teeth conspicuous, usually two |
66 |
| 65 Perigynia beakless or beaked, beak
if present, without conspicuous teeth |
86 |
| |
|
| 66 Perigynia at least somewhat hairy;
style jointed with achene |
67 |
| 66 Perigynia hairless; style jointed
or continuous with achene |
76 |
| |
|
| 67 Achenes with convex sides; lower
bracts shorter than or equal to inflorescence |
68 |
| 67 Achenes with flat sides; lower
bracts longer than inflorescence |
74 |
| |
|
| 68 Hairs on perigynia reduced to one
line on each side of the two ribs |
C. tonsa var. tonsa |
| 68 Perigynia distinctly hairy |
69 |
| |
|
| 69 Female-flowered spikes all on the
stem; stems all elongate |
70 |
| 69 Some female-flowered spikes short-stalked
at the base of the plant; stems of various lengths |
72 |
| |
|
| 70 Male-flowered spike 10 –
20 mm long; perigynium body spherical; scales about as long as perigynium;
dry prairies |
C. inops ssp. heliophila |
| 70 Male-flowered spike 2 – 10
mm long; perigynium body ellipsoid to spindle-shaped to obovoid; scales
shorter than perigynium, usually about up to base of beak; woodlands |
71 |
| |
|
| 71 Perigynia > 3 mm long; scales
with white sides; male-flowered spike 5 – 10 mm long; stems 15 –
30 cm tall |
C. peckii |
| 71 Perigynia < 3 mm long; scales
with purple sides; male-flowered spike 2 – 5 mm long; stems 5 –
15 cm tall |
C. deflexa |
| |
|
| 72 Bracts of female-flowered spikes
on the stem poorly developed; remnants of old leaves stiff and shredded |
C. umbellata |
| 72 Bracts of female-flowered spikes
on the stem well developed; remnants of old leaves soft and only slightly
shredded if at all |
73 |
| |
|
| 73 Rhizomes slender; leaves soft and
thin; male-flowered spike 2 – 5 mm long, nearly stalkless |
C. deflexa |
| 73 Rhizomes stout; leaves thin but
firm; male-flowered spike 3 – 15 mm long, stalked |
C. rossii |
| |
|
| 74 Stems 1 – 3; perigynia finely
hairy, 5 – 7 mm long, conspicuously nerved; dry habitats |
C. houghtoniana |
| 74 Stems many, bunched; perigynia
densely hairy, 3 – 5 mm long, nerves obscured by hairs; damp or aquatic
habitats |
75 |
| |
|
| 75 Leaves thread-like or inrolled,
< 2 mm wide; old leaf sheaths persistent at base of stem |
C. lasiocarpa var. americana |
| 75 Leaves flat, 2 – 5 mm wide;
old leaf sheaths absent |
C. pellita |
| |
|
| 76 Style entirely deciduous from achene,
no part persistent; leaves without minute bumps |
C. sprengellii |
| 76 Style not withering to base, lower
part of style persisting as a “prong”; leaves usually with minute
bumps |
77 |
| |
|
| 77 Perigynia narrowly triangular;
female-flowered spikes spherical; northern latitudes |
C. michauxiana |
| 77 Perigynia lance-shaped to oval;
female-flowered spikes longer than broad; distribution varies |
78 |
| |
|
| 78 Perigynia leathery, not shining;
scarcely inflated |
79 |
| 78 Perigynia membranous, thin, shining
or not; usually inflated |
82 |
| |
|
| 79 Female flower scales with a short
narrow body and a long rough awn; wet woodland species |
C. pseudocyperus |
| 79 Female flower scales tapered to
the tip, the body visible; large water sedges |
80 |
| |
|
| 80 Leaves long-hairy beneath, sheaths
long-hairy; teeth or perigynium beak prominent, 1.5 – 3 mm long, divergent |
C. atherodes |
| 80 Leaves and sheaths hairless; teeth
of perigynium beak short, < 1.5 mm long, nearly straight |
81 |
| |
|
| 81 Perigynia teeth 1 – 1.5 mm
long; large sedge, stem 60 – 150 cm tall |
C. lacustris |
| 81 Perigynia teeth < 1 mm long;
average-sized sedge, stem 30 – 80 cm tall |
C. laeviconica |
| |
|
| 82 Perigynia 12 – 25 nerved,
not shining |
C. hystericina |
| 82 Perigynia 7 – 9 nerved, shining |
83 |
| |
|
| 83 Lower perigynia reflexed; lower
bracts exceeding inflorescence by at least 2 x; spikes approximate |
C. retrorsa |
| 83 Lower perigynia ascending to spreading;
lower bracts exceeding inflorescence, but by < 2 x; spikes often distant |
84 |
| |
|
| 84 Rhizomes absent; perigynia ascending
at maturity, in 6 – 8 vertical rows |
C. vesicaria var. raeana |
| 84 Rhizomes present; perigynia spreading
at maturity, in 8 – 12 or more vertical rows |
85 |
| |
|
| 85 Stems 40 – 70 cm tall; leaves
2 – 6 mm wide; female spikes densely 50 – 125-flowered |
C. rostrata |
| 85 Stems 50 – 80 cm tall; leaves
4 – 8 mm wide; female spikes densely 100 – 200-flowered |
C. utricularia |
| |
|
| 86 Perigynia more or less hairy |
87 |
| 86 Perigynia hairless |
95 |
| |
|
| 87 Female spikes loosely flowered;
perigynia narrowly lance-shaped |
C. assiniboinensis |
| 87 Female spikes densely flowered;
perigynia oval or elliptic |
88 |
| |
|
| 88 Perigynia round in cross section;
female flower bracts sheathless |
89 |
| 88 Perigynia obtusely triangular;
female flower bracts long-sheathing |
93 |
| |
|
| 89 Female-flowered spikes all on the
stem; stems all elongate |
90 |
| 89 Some female-flowered spikes short-stalked
at the base of the plant; stems of various lengths |
91 |
| |
|
| 90 Perigynia > 3 mm long; scales
with white sides; male-flowered spike 5 – 10 mm long; stems 15 –
30 cm tall |
C. peckii |
| 90 Perigynia < 3 mm long; scales
with purple sides; male-flowered spike 2 – 5 mm long; stems 5 –
15 cm tall |
C. deflexa |
| |
|
| 91 Bracts of female-flowered spikes
on the stem poorly developed; remnants of old leaves stiff and shredded |
C. umbellata |
| 91 Bracts of female-flowered spikes
on the stem well developed; remnants of old leaves soft and only slightly
shredded if at all |
92 |
| |
|
| 92 Rhizomes slender; leaves soft and
thin; male-flowered spike 2 – 5 mm long, nearly stalkless |
C. deflexa |
| 92 Rhizomes stout; leaves thin but
firm; male-flowered spike 3 – 15 mm long, stalked |
C. rossii |
| |
|
| 93 Terminal spike with male flowers
above female flowers, lower spikes on long hair-like stalks; female flower
scales awned |
C. pedunculata |
| 93 Terminal spike male-flowered, lower
(female-flowered) spikes stalkless or short-stalked; female flower scales
blunt-tipped |
94 |
| |
|
| 94 Male-flowered spike < 6 mm long,
stalkless; perigynia 2-ribbed with several nerves; stigma short |
C. cocinna |
| 94 Male-flowered spike to 2 cm long,
short-stalked; perigynia 2-ribbed but otherwise nerveless; stigma long |
C. richardsonii |
| |
|
| 95 Leaves and sheaths hairy; perigynia
hairless but appearing felty and conspicuously 15 – 25-nerved |
C. torreyi |
| 95 Leaves and sheaths hairless; perigynia
otherwise |
96 |
| |
|
| 96 Leaf sheath > 3 mm long |
97 |
| 96 Leaf sheath < 3 mm long or sheathless |
105 |
| |
|
| 97 Leaves thread-like; bracts bladeless
but sheathing |
C. eburnea |
| 97 Leaves > 0.5 mm wide; bracts
with well developed blades |
98 |
| |
|
| 98 Female-flowered spikes elongate,
< 4 mm wide, on hair-like stalks; plants tufted |
C. capillaries |
| 98 Female-flowered spikes short, >
4 mm wide, on short stalks; plants tufted or rhizomatous |
99 |
| |
|
| 99 Plants tufted; perigynia conspicuously
nerved |
100 |
| 99 Plants rhizomatous; perigynia obscurely
nerved, if at all |
102 |
| |
|
| 100 Spikes nearly stalkless, closely
bunched; perigynia 6 – 14-nerved |
C. viridula ssp. viridula |
| 100 Spikes stalked, the lower distant;
perigynia 15 – 30-nerved |
101 |
| |
|
| 101 Perigynia sharply triangular,
narrowed at base to stalk; beak at right angles to perigynia |
C. leptonervia |
| 101 Perigynia nearly round, rounded
at base; stalk absent; beak straight, very small |
C. granularis var. haleana |
| |
|
| 102 Perigynium body widest below middle,
rounded at base |
C. crawei |
| 102 Perigynium body widest at or above
middle and tapering to acute base |
103 |
| |
|
| 103 Perigynia beaked, beak toothless;
leaves deep green |
C. vaginata |
| 103 Perigynia beakless; leaves bluish-green
or gray-green |
104 |
| |
|
| 104 Leaves bluish-green, < 3.5
mm wide, soon folded or inrolled; northern bog species |
C. livida |
| 104 Leaves gray-green, 2 – 5
mm wide, flat; prairies |
C. tetanica |
| |
|
| 105 Perigynia inflated and shiny;
female-flowered spikes sessile, globular |
106 |
| 105 Perigynia not both inflated and
shiny; female-flowered spikes nearly stalkless to stalked, elongate |
107 |
| |
|
| 106 Perigynia ~ 7 mm long; style not
withering at maturity; plant 50 – 80 cm tall |
C. oligosperma |
| 106 Perigynia 2 – 4 mm long;
style withering at maturity; plant 5 – 20 cm tall |
C. supina var. spaniocarpa |
| |
|
| 107 Perigynia conspicuously many nerved |
108 |
| 107 Perigynia obscurely nerved, may
have 2 conspicuous marginal nerves |
113 |
| |
|
| 108 Perigynia spreading to reflexed |
C. cryptolepis |
| 108 Perigynia ascending to appressed |
109 |
| |
|
| 109 Stems lateral, previous year’s
leaves on separate shoots |
C. buxbaumii |
| 109 Stems central, surrounded by persistent
leaves of preceding year’s growth |
110 |
| |
|
| 110 Stem leaves absent or only a few
towards base of stem; perigynia 1.5 – 2.5 mm long; female flower scales
1.5 – 2.5 mm long |
111 |
| 110 Stems leaves on lower 1/4 of stem;
perigynia 3 – 4.5 mm long; female flower scales > 2.5 mm long |
112 |
| |
|
| 111 Scales as long as perigynia, brownish;
stems obtusely triangular |
C. parryana var. parryana |
| 111 Scales much shorter than perigynia,
purplish; stem sharply triangular |
C. norvegica ssp. inferalpina |
| |
|
| 112 Perigynia almost circular, little
pitted or gland-dotted; terminal spike male-flowered; Cypress Hills |
C. raynoldsii |
| 112 Perigynia flattened, markedly
pitted; terminal spike with female flowers above male flowers; northern
mixed wood forest |
C. raymondii |
| |
|
| 113 Perigynia nearly round; achenes
smooth surfaced |
C. glacialis |
| 113 Perigynia flat-triangular to lens-shaped;
achenes with bumps |
114 |
| |
|
| 114 Rootlets with yellow fuzz; terminal
spike male-flowered |
115 |
| 114 Rootlets without yellow fuzz;
terminal spike with female flowers above male |
116 |
| |
|
| 115 Female flower scales long tapered;
male spike 4 – 12 mm; leaves to 3 mm broad, flat |
C. magellanica ssp. irrigua |
| 115 Female flower scales short tapered;
male spike 10 – 30 mm; leaves less than or equal to 3 mm broad, somewhat
inrolled |
C. limosa |
| |
|
| 116 Stems lateral, previous year’s
leaves on separate shoots |
C. buxbaumii |
| 116 Stems central, surrounded by persistent
leaves from preceding years |
C. norvegica ssp. inferalpina |
