Species: Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh

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Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh

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TAXONOMY

Family:

Scrophulariaceae

Genus:

Scrophularia

Species Synonyms:

Scrophularia pectinata Raf.

Common Names:

lanceleaf figwort
hare figwort

DISTRIBUTION

Canada:

southern British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan, Ontario – Quebec – New Brunswick – Nova Scotia

Saskatchewan:

southern Saskatchewan; Mortlach – Webb

Ecoregion:

Mixed Grassland

HABITAT

Saskatchewan:

woods and clearings

Canada:

open woods, thickets, and clearings

RARITY STATUS

Provincial Status According
to Harms (2003):

Endangered

Nature Conservancy Status:

G5 SU

Saskatchewan Species at
Risk Status:

None

COSEWIC Status:

None

Scrophularia lanceolata is endangered because of extreme rarity in Saskatchewan. This species is regionally restricted in Saskatchewan but is usually locally numerous within limited areas. Possible threats have been identified for this species.

SPECIES DESCRIPTION

Height:

50 – 200 cm

Stems:

perennial, clustered, square, somewhat glandular

Leaves:

cauline, opposite, petiole short, blade 2 – 15 cm long, 3 – 5 cm wide, ovate to broadly lanceolate, margin serrate

Inflorescence:

panicle terminal, 4 – 8 cm long, narrow and elongate, glandular

Flowers:

calyx 2 – 4 mm long, 5-lobed, lobes ovate to rounded; corolla 7 – 14 mm long, greenish-purple, tube globose, upper two lobes connate, median lower lip deflexed; stamens 4; staminode scale-like, yellowish-green

Fruits:

capsule 6 – 10 mm long, dull brown

SCROPHULARIACEAE KEY FOR GENERA FOUND IN SASKATCHEWAN

1 Stamens 2	2
1 Stamens 4 or 5	4

2 Leaves alternate or all basal; corolla absent	Besseya
2 Leaves opposite; corolla present	3

3 Calyx 4-lobed; stamens exserted	Veronica
3 Calyx 5-lobed; stamens inserted	Gratiola

4 Leaves all basal	5
4 At least some leaves cauline	6

5 Flowers solitary; corolla rotate to campanulate; leaves usually entire or toothed	Limosella
5 Flowers in spicate racemes; corolla bilabiate; leaves pinnately lobed or cleft	Pedicularis

6 Corolla spurred	7
6 Corolla not spurred	9

7 Corolla bluish-purple, 4.5 – 6 mm long, excluding spur; flowers solitary in leaf axils	Chaenorrhinum
7 Corolla yellow or blue, 10 – 13 mm long, excluding spur; flowers in terminal racemes	8

8 Slender annual, 10 – 40 cm tall; corolla blue	Nuttallanthus
8 Stout perennial, 30 – 100 cm tall; corolla yellow and orange	Linaria

9 Floral bracts coloured, concealing flowers	Castilleja
9 Floral bracts green, flowers evident	10

10 Cauline leaves alternate	11
10 Cauline leaves opposite	13

11 Stamens 5, filaments villous; corolla actinomorphic, distinctly 5-lobed	Verbascum
11 Stamens 4, filaments glabrous; corolla zygomorphic, indistinctly 5-lobed	12

12 Basal leaves absent; cauline leaves usually entire, linear; flowers yellow; stamens not enclosed by galea	Orthocarpus
12 Basal leaves commonly present; cauline leaves toothed or pinnately lobed; flowers yellow to white or purple; stamens enclosed by galea	Pedicularis

13 Calyx 4-lobed	14
13 Calyx 5-lobed	17

14 Corolla pink or purple	Odontites
14 Corolla white to yellow	15

15 Calyx about 1 cm long in flower, enlarged, veiny, and membranous in fruit	Rhinanthus
15 Calyx less than 1 cm long in flower, not enlarged in fruit	16

16 Leaves 2 – 10 mm long, lobed, upper leaves sessile	Euphrasia
16 Leaves 10 – 40 mm long, more or less entire, upper leaves petiolate	Melampyrum

17 Staminode present, filamentous	Penstemon
17 Staminode absent or scale-like	18

18 Flowers blue; stamens enclosed by lower lip; upper cauline leaves whorled	Collinsia
18 Flowers greenish to yellow or reddish; stamens not enclosed by lower lip; cauline leaves all opposite	19

19 Corolla green with reddish or purple tinge; flowers less conspicuous, less than 1 cm long; calyx segments deeply parted	Scrophularia
19 Corolla yellow or pinkish red; flowers large and showy, 1 – 4 cm long; calyx segments united into tube	Mimulus