Species: Teucrium canadense var. occidentale (Gray) McClintock & Epling

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Teucrium canadense var. occidentale (Gray) McClintock & Epling

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TAXONOMY

Family:

Lamiaceae

Genus:

Teucrium

Species Synonyms:

Teucrium canadense ssp. occidentale (Gray) W.A. Weber
Teucrium canadense var. boreale (Bickn.) Shinners
Teucrium canadense ssp. viscidum (Piper) Taylor & MacBryde Teucrium occidentale Gray
Teucrium occidentale var. boreale (Bickn.) Fern.
Teucrium boreale Bickn.

Common Names:

hairy germander
American germander
western germander

DISTRIBUTION

Canada:

southern British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan – Manitoba – Ontario – southwestern Quebec

Saskatchewan:

southern Saskatchewan; Cypress Lake – Souris River Valley

Ecoregion:

Cypress Upland, Mixed Grassland, Moist Mixed Grassland, Aspen Parkland

HABITAT

Saskatchewan:

lake and stream shore flats, prairie depressions

Associated Species:

bristle dock, field sow thistle, manyflowered aster, marsh hedgenettle, prairie goldenrod, rough water horehound

RARITY STATUS

Provincial Status According
to Harms (2003):

Threatened

Nature Conservancy Status:

G5T4 S2

Saskatchewan Species at
Risk Status:

None

COSEWIC Status:

None

Hairy germander is threatened in Saskatchewan because it is rare or uncommon. Population sizes vary. No immediate threats are known but are possible in the future.

SPECIES DESCRIPTION

Height:

30 – 100 cm

Roots:

rhizomes, occasionally producing whitish swellings

Stems:

simple or sparingly branched, square, hairy

Leaves:

opposite, short-stalked, 3 – 12 cm long, 1 – 4 cm wide, oval to lance-shaped, tip acute, base usually wedge-shaped, hairy to hairless above, gray hairy below, margin saw-toothed

Inflorescence:

false whorls of pairs of opposite clusters (verticillaster), each with 4 – 6 flowers, arranged in a spike-like cluster; cluster 6 – 20 cm long; bracts lance-shaped to awl-shaped, shorter than or slightly exceeding verticillasters; inflorescences stalks 0 – 1 mm long; flower stalks 1 – 3 mm long

Flowers:

sepals nearly regular, 5 – 9 mm long, tube 4 – 7 mm long, 2-lipped, 5-toothed, 10-nerved, purplish, hairy, hairless or weakly hairy within the throat of the tube; petals 10 – 18 mm long, 2-lipped (appearing 1-lipped), upper lip inconspicuous, lower lip 3-lobed, tube 4 – 8 mm long and about equalling sepals, light rose, lavender or purple, glandular outside; stamens 4, arched over the petals

Fruits:

nutlets 1.5 – 2.5 mm long, light reddish brown or golden, wrinkled, hairless

LAMIACEAE KEY FOR SPECIES FOUND IN SASKATCHEWAN

1 Sepals 2-lipped, lips not toothed, with a distinct cap on the upper side	Scutellaria
1 Sepals regular or 2-lipped, if 2-lipped, one or more of the lips toothed	2

2 Upper lip of petals small and inconspicuous, petals appearing 1-lipped	Teucrium
2 Upper lip of petals well developed, petals appearing 2-lipped	3

3 Fertile stamens 2 (infertile stamens may be present)	4
3 Fertile stamens 4	6

4 Sepals distinctly 2-lipped	Hedeoma
4 Sepals regular or nearly so, with teeth of nearly equal size	5

5 Flowers in axillary clusters; petals regular, < 6 mm long, white	Lycopus
5 Flowers in a terminal, dense head-like cluster; petals 2-lipped, > 10 mm long, pink to purple	Monarda

6 All inflorescences appearing axillary, verticillasters (false whorls of pairs of opposite cymes) subtended by foliage leaves	7
6 At least some inflorescences appearing terminal, verticillasters in various arrangements (solitary in head-like clusters or irregular branched inflorescences or numerous in spike-like clusters), some inflorescences may appear axillary	11

7 Flowers and fruits sessile	8
7 Flowers and fruits stalked	10

8 Stems hairy	Galeopsis
8 Stems hairless	9

9 Plants 50 – 150 cm tall; sepal teeth stiff and spiny	Leonurus
9 Plants < 40 cm tall; sepal teeth acuminate, not spiny	Lamium

10 Stem creeping; leaves kidney-shaped to nearly round	Glecoma
10 Stem erect or ascending; leaves linear to lance-shaped or oval	Mentha

11 Sepals regular	12
11 Sepals 2-lipped	14

12 Stamens exserted; seeds with tufts of hairs at the apex	Agastache
12 Stamens included; seeds hairless	13

13 Flowers short-stalked, borne singly in the axis of bracts; inflorescence of 1 – several terminal and lateral racemes; sepals faintly nerved, inflated at maturity	Physostegia
13 Flowers sessile, whorled in a continuous or interrupted terminal spike; sepals prominently nerved, not inflated at maturity	Stachys

14 Upper and lower sepal lips similar in length; petals white	Nepeta
14 Upper and lower sepal lips distinctly different; petals rose, purple or blue	15

15 Upper sepal lobes connate for at least 3/4 of length	Prunella
15 Upper sepals distinctly 3-lobed	Dracocephalum