Species: Viola blanda var. palustriformis Gray

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Viola blanda var. palustriformis Gray

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TAXONOMY

Family:

Violaceae

Genus:

Viola

Species Synonyms:

Viola incognita Brainerd
Viola incognita var. forbesii Brainerd

Common Names:

sweet white violet
large-leaved white violet

DISTRIBUTION

Canada:

east-central Saskatchewan, western and southern Ontario – Quebec – southern Labrador – Newfoundland – Nova Scotia

Saskatchewan:

Porcupine Hills – Duck Mountain – northeastern Pasquia Hills

Ecoregion:

Mid-Boreal Upland, Mid-Boreal Lowland

HABITAT

Saskatchewan:

moist wooded slopes

Associated species:

mountain bladderfern, Selkirk’s violet, western oakfern, white spruce

RARITY STATUS

Provincial Status According
to Harms (2003):

Endangered

Nature Conservancy Status:

G4G5 S2

Saskatchewan Species at
Risk Status:

None

COSEWIC Status:

None

Sweet white violet is endangered because of rarity in Saskatchewan. This species is located only in the eastern part of the province. It is usually locally numerous within in limited areas.

SPECIES DESCRIPTION

Rhizomes:

slender, creeping

Stems:

leafy stem absent; woody base present; runners present

Leaves:

basal, long-stalked, oval, base heart-shaped or nearly so, dark green, with a few scattered hairs when young, margin entire to toothed; stalks reddish

Inflorescence:

flowers solitary; self-fertilizing flowers in creeping stalks; stalks basal, reddish

Flowers:

perfect, irregular, to 1.5 cm long, slightly fragrant; sepals 5; petals 5, lateral petals beardless, upper petals narrow, white with brownish-purple veins

Fruits:

capsule 3-valved; seeds numerous, yellowish-brown

VIOLA KEY FOR SPECIES FOUND IN SASKATCHEWAN

1 Plants without leafy stems; leaves and flower stalks arising from a woody base and/or plants with runners	2
1 Plants with leafy stems; flowers axillary, runners and woody bases absent	11

2 Leaves deeply divided; plants of prairies and dry areas	V. pedatifida
2 Leaves toothed or lobed but not deeply divided or margin entire; plants of meadows to moist woods or boggy areas	3

3 Flowers white, may have purplish lines towards the base	4
3 Flowers blue to violet	7

4 Plants without runners; leaves circular to kidney-shaped	V. renifolia
4 Plants with runners; leaves oval to kidney-shaped	5

5 Leaves hairy, at least when young; leaf and flower stalks reddish	V. blanda var. palustriformis
5 Leaves hairless; leaf and flower stalks greenish	6

6 Leaves 2 – 5 cm long, 2.5 – 3.5 cm wide	V. palustris var. brevipes
6 Leaves 1 – 2 cm long, 1 – 1.5 cm wide	V. macloskeyi ssp. pallens

7 Rhizomes thick and fleshy; runners absent; woody base usually short and thick; lateral petals bearded or not; sepals with or without marginal hairs	8
7 Rhizome slender and cord-like; runners present or absent; woody base present or absent; lateral petals always bearded (except V. selkirkii); sepals without marginal hairs	10

8 Spurred petal beardless	V. sororia
8 Spurred petal bearded	9

9 Sepals with marginal hairs	V. septentrionalis
9 Sepals without marginal hairs	V. nephrophylla

10 Runners present; petal spur much shorter than the blade; lateral petals bearded; plants of moist meadows and streams	V. palustris var. palustris
10 Runners absent; petal spur to 2/3 as long as blade; lateral petals beardless; plants of woods and rocky slopes	V. selkirkii

11 Leaves lance-shaped to narrowly oval; flowers yellow, may have purple veins at the base	12
11 Leaves heart-shaped to kidney-shaped; flowers yellow, white or blue	13

12 Leaves usually at least three times as long as wide, lance-shaped to elliptic	V. nuttallii
12 Leaves less than three times as long as wide, narrowly oval	V. vallicola var. vallicola

13 Flowers yellow, with purplish-brown veins; plants of rich deciduous woods	V. pubescens var. scabriuscula
13 Flowers white to lilac or blue; plants of woods or meadows	14

14 Flowers white inside, yellow at base and with purplish veins or purple tinge on outside; stipules entire	V. canadensis var. rugulosa
14 Flowers blue to lilac; stipules toothed	15

15 Leaves thin, hairless; stipules oval; flowers lilac	V. conspersa
15 Leaves thick, glabrous to densely pubescent; stipules linear; flowers deep blue	16

16 Leaves densely hairy	V. adunca var. adunca
16 Leaves hairless	V. labradorica