|
| Viola macloskeyi
ssp. pallens (Banks ex Ging) M.S. Baker |
|
| |
| TAXONOMY |
| |
| Family: |
Violaceae |
| Genus: |
Viola |
| |
| Species Synonyms: |
Viola macloskeyi var. pallens
(Banks ex Ging) C.L. Hitchc.
Viola pallens (Banks ex Ging)
Brainerd
Viola pallens var. subreptans Rouss. |
| Common Names: |
smooth white violet
sweet white violet
wild white violet |
| |
| DISTRIBUTION |
| |
| Canada: |
Ungava – Labrador, south to east-central
Saskatchewan – Manitoba – Ontario – Newfoundland –
Nova Scotia |
| Saskatchewan: |
east-central Saskatchewan; northwest of Chelan
– Porcupine Hills, Nipawin Provincial Park – Reindeer River
|
| Ecoregion: |
Boreal Transition, Mid-Boreal Upland, Mid-Boreal
Lowland, Churchill River Upland |
| |
| HABITAT |
| |
| Saskatchewan: |
marshy fens and bogs |
| Associated species: |
jackpine, narrowpanicle rush,
small bedstraw |
| |
| RARITY STATUS |
| |
Provincial
Status According
to Harms (2003): |
Endangered |
| Nature Conservancy
Status: |
G5 S1 |
Saskatchewan
Species at
Risk Status: |
None |
| COSEWIC Status:
|
None |
| |
| Smooth white violet
is endangered because of rarity in Saskatchewan. This species is limited
to eastern Saskatchewan and most local populations are small. No immediate
threats are known but may occur in the future. |
| |
| SPECIES
DESCRIPTION |
| |
| Rhizomes: |
slender, horizontal |
| Stems: |
stolons long, thread-like; leafy stem absent |
| Leaves: |
basal, stalks long, blade 1 – 3 cm wide,
heart-shaped to kidney-shaped, tip usually rounded, hairless or short-hairy
below, margin entire to slightly round-toothed |
| Inflorescence: |
flowers solitary; flower stalks basal, 1.5 –
7 cm long; self-fertilizing flowers on ascending stalks |
| Flowers: |
perfect, irregular, at most about 1 cm long, very
fragrant; sepals 5, 3 – 5 mm long, lance-shaped, ear-like lobes at
base of sepals short; petals 5, 7 – 11 mm long, white, the lower petals
with brownish-purple veins, lateral petals usually hairless or slightly
bearded at base, spur short; stamens 5; style somewhat square at tip |
| Fruits: |
capsule 3-valved, 3 – 5 mm long, greenish-yellow;
seeds dark brown to black |
| |
| VIOLA
KEY FOR SPECIES FOUND IN SASKATCHEWAN |
| |
| 1 Plants without leafy stems; leaves
and flower stalks arising from a woody base and/or plants with runners |
2 |
| 1 Plants with leafy stems; flowers
axillary, runners and woody bases absent |
11 |
| |
|
| 2 Leaves deeply divided; plants of
prairies and dry areas |
V. pedatifida |
| 2 Leaves toothed or lobed but not
deeply divided or margin entire; plants of meadows to moist woods or boggy
areas |
3 |
| |
|
| 3 Flowers white, may have purplish
lines towards the base |
4 |
| 3 Flowers blue to violet |
7 |
| |
|
| 4 Plants without runners; leaves circular
to kidney-shaped |
V. renifolia |
| 4 Plants with runners; leaves oval
to kidney-shaped |
5 |
| |
|
| 5 Leaves hairy, at least when young;
leaf and flower stalks reddish |
V. blanda var. palustriformis |
| 5 Leaves hairless; leaf and flower
stalks greenish |
6 |
| |
|
| 6 Leaves 2 – 5 cm long, 2.5
– 3.5 cm wide |
V. palustris var. brevipes |
| 6 Leaves 1 – 2 cm long, 1 –
1.5 cm wide |
V. macloskeyi ssp. pallens |
| |
|
| 7 Rhizomes thick and fleshy; runners
absent; woody base usually short and thick; lateral petals bearded or not;
sepals with or without marginal hairs |
8 |
| 7 Rhizome slender and cord-like; runners
present or absent; woody base present or absent; lateral petals always bearded
(except V. selkirkii); sepals without marginal hairs |
10 |
| |
|
| 8 Spurred petal beardless |
V. sororia |
| 8 Spurred petal bearded |
9 |
| |
|
| 9 Sepals with marginal hairs |
V. septentrionalis |
| 9 Sepals without marginal hairs |
V. nephrophylla |
| |
|
| 10 Runners present; petal spur much
shorter than the blade; lateral petals bearded; plants of moist meadows
and streams |
V. palustris var. palustris |
| 10 Runners absent; petal spur to 2/3
as long as blade; lateral petals beardless; plants of woods and rocky slopes |
V. selkirkii |
| |
|
| 11 Leaves lance-shaped to narrowly
oval; flowers yellow, may have purple veins at the base |
12 |
| 11 Leaves heart-shaped to kidney-shaped;
flowers yellow, white or blue |
13 |
| |
|
| 12 Leaves usually at least three times
as long as wide, lance-shaped to elliptic |
V. nuttallii |
| 12 Leaves less than three times as
long as wide, narrowly oval |
V. vallicola var. vallicola |
| |
|
| 13 Flowers yellow, with purplish-brown
veins; plants of rich deciduous woods |
V. pubescens var. scabriuscula |
| 13 Flowers white to lilac or blue;
plants of woods or meadows |
14 |
| |
|
| 14 Flowers white inside, yellow at
base and with purplish veins or purple tinge on outside; stipules entire |
V. canadensis var. rugulosa |
| 14 Flowers blue to lilac; stipules
toothed |
15 |
| |
|
| 15 Leaves thin, hairless; stipules
oval; flowers lilac |
V. conspersa |
| 15 Leaves thick, glabrous to densely
pubescent; stipules linear; flowers deep blue |
16 |
| |
|
| 16 Leaves densely hairy |
V. adunca var. adunca |
| 16 Leaves hairless |
V. labradorica |
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